ENDNOTES

Endnotes from ‘Workstyle: A revolution for wellbeing, productivity and society’ be download as a PDF and viewed below.

3. A broken system of work

  1. F. W. Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management (Harper & Brothers, 1919).

  2. This is referred to as ‘time cribbing’ and is cited in several journals, e.g. Duncan Wilson, Factory inspection: A thirty-five years retrospect, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 104:3 (1941), 209–234.

  3. Learn more about the many brill iant aspects of Robert Owen’s social reform here: https://www.robertowenmuseum.co.uk/tag/a-new-view-of-society/ and read his series of essays which were gathered into a single volume in his book A New View of Society (Penguin Classics, reprinted 1991).

  4. S. M. KaiKai, Contributions of Robert Owen (1771–1858) to the development of economic thought and socialism, Towson University Journal of International Affairs, 13:2 (1989), 73–81.

  5. E. P. Thompson, Time, work-discipline, and industrial capitalis, Past and Present, 38 (1967), 56–97.

  6. Danny Dorling and Stuart Gietel-Basten, Life expectancy in Britain has fallen so much that a million years of life could disappear by 2058 – why? (2017) https://theconversation.com/life-expectancy-in-britain-has-fallen-so-much-that-a-millionyears-of-life-could-disappear-by-2058-why-88063

  7. Office for National Statistics, How has life expectancy changed over time? (2015) https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/lifeexpectancies/articles/howhaslifeexpectancychangedovertime/2015-09-09

  8. Personal Group, Key happiness at work benchmark slides almost 20% in three years (2019) https://www.hapi.co.uk/content-hub/blog/key-happiness-at-workbenchmark-slides-almost-20-in-three-years

  9. A. Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations: Volume One (printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1776).

  10. Benjamin Franklin’s Letters to the Press, 1758–1775, collected and edited by Verner W. Crane (University of North Carolina Press for Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1950).

  11. J. M. Keynes, Economic possibilities for our grandchildren, in Essays in Persuasion (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), 321–332.

  12. E. T. Hall, Beyond Culture (Anchor, 1989).

  13. E. Griffin, A Short History of the British Industrial Revolution (Macmillan International Higher Education, 2018).

  14. G. Clark, The condition of the working class in England, 1209–2004, Journal of Political Economy, 113:6 (2005), 1307–1340.

  15. J. Suzman, Work (Bloomsbury Publishing, Kindle Edition), 427.

  16. J. Suzman Work (Bloomsbury Publishing, Kindle Edition), 427.

  17. F. W. Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management (Harper & Brothers, 1919).

  18. A. Dignan, Brave New Work: Are you ready to reinvent your organization? (Penguin UK, 2019).

  19. National Autistic Society, New shocking data highlights the autism employment gap (2021) https://www.autism.org.uk/what-we-do/news/new-data-on-the-autismemployment-gap

  20. The Health Foundation, Unemployment and Mental Health (2021) https://www.health.org.uk/publications/long-reads/unemployment-and-mental-health

  21. Department for Work and Pensions, Fuller Working Lives: A Partnership approach (2017) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/587654/fuller-working-lives-a-partnership-approach.pdf

  22. Global Institute of Women’s Leadership et al., Working Parents, Flexibility and Job quality: What are the trade-offs? (2021) https://www.kcl.ac.uk/giwl/assets/workingparents-flexibility-and-job-quality-what-are-the-trade-offs.pdf

  23. ACAS, Code of Practice on Handling in a Reasonable Manner Requests to Work Flexibly (2014) https://www.acas.org.uk/acas-code-of-practice-on-flexible-working-requests/html

  24. TUC, One in three flexible working requests turned down, TUC poll reveals (2019) https://www.tuc.org.uk/news/one-three-flexible-working-requests-turneddown-tuc-poll-reveals

  25. thehrdirector.com, Women lack confidence when asking employers about flexible working (2020) https://www.thehrdirector.com/businessnews/work_life_balance/womennot-confidence-about-asking-employers-about-flexible-working/

  26. D. Wheatley, Employee satisfaction and use of flexible working arrangements, Work, Employment and Society, 31:4 (2016), 567–585.

  27. D. Anderson and C. Kelliher, Flexible working and engagement: The importance of choice, Strategic HR Review, 8:2 (2009), 13–18.

  28. T. A. Beauregard and L. Henry, Making the link between work–life balance practices and organizational performance, Human Resource Management Review, 19:1 (2009), 9–22.

  29. C. Kelliher and D. Anderson, Doing more with less? Flexible working practices and the intensification of work, Human Relations, 63:1 (2010).

  30. L. Putnam, K. Myers and B. Gailliard, Examining the tensions in workplace flexibility and exploring options for new directions, Human Relations, 67:4 (2014), 413–440.

  31. L. Radcliffe and C. Cassell, Flexible working, work–family conflict, and maternal gatekeeping: The daily experiences of dual‐earner couples, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88:4 (2014), 835–855.

  32. H. Chung and M. van der Horst, Flexible working and unpaid overtime in the UK: The role of gender, parental and occupational status’, Social Indicators Research, 151 (2020), 495–520.

  33. H. Chung, Gender, flexibility stigma, and the perceived negative consequences of flexible working in the UK, Social Indicators Research, 151 (2020), 521–545.

  34. C. Gatrell et al., Parents, perceptions and belonging: Exploring flexible working among UK fathers and mothers, British Journal of Management, 25:3 (2014), 473–487.

  35. C. Stovell et al., Rethinking work–life balance and wellbeing: The perspectives of fathers, in The Routledge Companion to Wellbeing at Work (Routledge, 2017), 221–234.

  36. W. Loretto and S. Vickerstaff, Gender, age and flexible working in later life, Work, Employment and Society, 29:2 (2015), 233–249.

  37. Families and Work Institute, Generation and gender in the workplace (2005) https://www.familiesandwork.org/research/2009/times-are-changing-gender-andgeneration-at-work-and-at-home

  38. A. Griffiths, S. J. MacLennan and J. Hassard, Menopause and work: An electronic survey of employees’ attitudes in the UK, Maturitas, 76:2 (2013), 155–159.

  39. A. Schaefer, C. Gatrell and L. Radcliffe, Lone parents and blended families: Advocating flexible working to support families in transition, in Flexible Work, ed. S. H. Norgate and C. L. Cooper (Routledge, 2020), 196–212.

  40. L. Radcliffe, C. Cassell and F. Malik, Providing, performing and protecting: The importance of work identities in negotiating conflicting work–family ideals as a single mother’, British Journal of Management (2021), 1–16.

  41. American Psychological Association, APA survey finds feeling valued at work linked to well-being and performance (2021), https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2012/03/ well-being

  42. M. Sherif et al., Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave experiment (University Book Exchange, 1961).

  43. H. Tajfel and J. Turner, An integrative theory of intergroup conflict, The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, 33:74 (1979).

  44. Erin Blakemore, What was the neolithic revolution? (2019) https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/neolithic-agricultural-revolution

  45. Anna McEvinney, Why do we have an 8-hour working day? (2020) https://historyguild.org/why-do-we-have-an-8-hour-working-day

  46. Teem.com, Flexible working and flexible workers: A brief history (2021) https://www.teem.com/blog/flexible-working-flexible-workers

4. Why 2014 was a magical year

  1. United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision (2013) https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/PopFacts_2014-4.pdf

  2. Office for National Statistics, English Life Tables No.17: 2010 to 2012 (2015) https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/lifeexpectancies/bulletins/englishlifetablesno17/2015-09-01

  3. S. Harper, Shrinking family sizes (2021), https://www.ageing.ox.ac.uk/news/2017-dailymail-hay-harper

  4. L. Gratton and A. Scott, The 100 Year Life (Bloomsbury Information, 2016).

  5. House of Commons, Women and Equalities Committee, Older People and Employment (2018) https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmwomeq/359/359.pdf

  6. E. Thomasson, RPT-young at heart? Mercedes cultivates its aging workforce, 2018 https://www.reuters.com/article/world-work-daimler-idUKL1N1TK0MW

  7. Centre for Better Ageing, What do older workers value about work and why? (2017) https://ageing-better.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-12/What-do-older-workersvalue.pdf

  8. Centre for Better Ageing, What do older workers value about work and why? (2017) https://ageing-better.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-12/What-do-older-workersvalue.pdf

  9. Office for National Statistics, Living longer: impact of working from home on older workers (2021) https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/ageing/articles/livinglongerimpactofworkingfromhomeonolderworkers/2021-08-25

  10. International Longevity Centre UK, Plugging the gap: Estimating the demand and supply of jobs by sector in 2030 (2022) https://ilcuk.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/ILC-Plugging-the-gap.pdf

  11. In the UK, the number of pensioners is increasing faster than the number of working-age people – a growth of 37 per cent (to 16.8 million) from 2012 to 2041 compared with 13 per cent (to 44.6 million). Government Office for Science, Future of an ageing population (2016) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/816458/future-of-an-ageingpopulation.pdf

  12. Pensions Policy Institute, PPI Briefing Note 97, General Election 2018 State Pension Age Rises (2017) https://www.pensionspolicyinstitute.org.uk/media/1365/201706-bn97-general-election-2017-state-pension-age-rises.pdf

  13. P. E. McKnight and T .B. Kashdan, Purpose in life as a system that creates and sustains health and well-being: An integrative, testable theory, Review of General Psychology, 13:3 (2009), 242–251.

  14. J. Holt-Lunstad, T. B. Smith and J. B. Layton, Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review, PLOS Medicine, 7:7 (2010).

  15. Royal London, Policy Paper 21: Will we ever summit the pension mountain? (2018) https://www.royallondon.com/siteassets/site-docs/media-centre/policy-papers/willwe-ever-summit-the-pensions-mountain.pdf

  16. Age UK (2017), https://www.ageuk.org.uk/latest-press/archive/one-in-fourpensioners-struggling-financially/

  17. D. Jeste et al., The new science of practical wisdom, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 62:2 (2019), 216–236.

  18. The Age of No Retirement, In–Common (2018) https://uiawpafa.hkia.net/images/publications/20180403_The_Age_of_No_Retirement.pdf

  19. Office for National Statistics, Five facts about… older people at work (2016) https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/fivefactsaboutolderpeopleatwork/2016-10-01

  20. Office for National Statistics, Participation rates in the UK – 2014 – 3. Older people (2015) https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/compendium/participationratesintheuklabourmarket/2015-03-19/participationratesintheuk20143olderpeople

  21. C. Dufouil et al., Older age at retirement is associated with decreased risk of dementia, European Journal of Epidemiology, 29:5 (2014).

  22. C. Wu et al., The association of retirement age with mortality: A population-based longitudinal study among older adults in the United States, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 70:9 (2016), 917–923.

  23. Office for National Statistics, Internet access – households and individuals, Great Britain: 2014 (2014) https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/householdcharacteristics/homeinternetandsocialmediausage/bulletins/internetaccesshouseholdsandindividuals/2014-08-07

  24. Statista.com, Percentage of global population accessing the internet from 2005 to 2021, by market maturity (2021) https://www.statista.com/statistics/209096/shareof-internet-users-in-the-total-world-population-since-2006/

  25. E. Griffith, How to get a $1 billion valuation in just eight months (2015) https://fortune.com/2015/01/22/slack-unicorn/

  26. Businessofapps.com, Slack revenue and usage statistics (2022) https://www.businessofapps.com/data/slack-statistics/

  27. First Round Review, From 0 to $1B – Slack’s founder shares their epic launch strategy (n.d.) https://review.firstround.com/From-0-to-1B-Slacks-Founder-Shares-Their-Epic-Launch-Strategy

  28. Future Forum, The great executive-employee disconnect, Future Forum Pulse (2021a) https://futureforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Future-Forum-Pulse-Report-October-2021.pdf

  29. Future Forum, The great executive-employee disconnect, Future Forum Pulse (2021a) https://futureforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Future-Forum-Pulse-Report-October-2021.pdf

  30. Future Forum, The great executive-employee disconnect, Future Forum Pulse (2021a) https://futureforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Future-Forum-Pulse-Report-October-2021.pdf

  31. Future Forum, The great executive-employee disconnect, Future Forum Pulse (2021a) https://futureforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Future-Forum-Pulse-Report-October-2021.pdf

  32. Future Forum, The hybrid office of the future (2021b) https://futureforum.com/2021/01/08/the-hybrid-office-of-the-future/

  33. Future Forum, Winning the war for talent in the post-pandemic world, research and data (2021c) https://futureforum.com/2021/06/15/future-forum-pulse/

  34. Blinkist CultureAmp Engagement Survey (2021).

  35. Blinkist has been recognised as a great place to work by both where.team and LinkedIn.

  36. Ipse, How freelancers respond to an uncertain economy: A longitudinal report onseven years of Confidence Index data (n.d.) https://www.ipse.co.uk/policy/freelanceconfidence-index-hub/longitudinal-report.html

  37. Office for National Statistics, Who works in the public sector? (2019) https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/publicspending/articles/whoworksinthepublicsector/2019-06-04

  38. E. Pofeldt, Survey: Nearly 30% of Americans are self-employed (2020) https://www.forbes.com/sites/elainepofeldt/2020/05/30/survey-nearly-30-of-americans-are-selfemployed/

  39. A. Burke and M. Cowling, The relationship between freelance workforce intensity, business performance and job creation, Small Business Economics, 55:2 (2020), 399–413.

  40. A. Burke, The freelance project and gig economies of the 21st century (2019) https://crse.co.uk/research/freelance-project-and-gig-economies-21st-century

  41. A. Burke et al., Ireland’s project economy: A barometer of independent professionals, contractors, and solo self-employed (2021) http://www.tara.tcd.ie/handle/2262/96142

  42. Emma Gannon, The Multi-Hyphen Method (Hodder & Stoughton, 2018).

  43. H. Lacey, 8 tips for managing a portfolio career (2014) https://www.forbes.com/sites/hesterlacey/2014/02/10/success-story-8-hints-on-managing-a-portfoliocareer/?sh=250cde023d3c

  44. United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision (2013) https://www.un-.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/PopFacts_2014-4.pdf

  45. Businessofapps.com, Slack revenue and usage statistics (2022) (2022) https://www.businessofapps.com/data/slack-statistics/

  46. Office for National Statistics, Who works in the public sector? (2019) https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/publicspending/articles/whoworksinthepublicsector/2019-06-04

5. One word to change the world

  1. J. J. Lee, F. Gino and B. Staats, Rainmakers: Why bad weather means good productivity, Journal of Applied Psychology, 99:3 (2014), 504–513.

  2. R. Waugh, Making sense of the knowledge economy (2019) https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/tips-for-the-future/the-knowledge-economy/

  3. C. Roth, When we exceeded 1 billion knowledge workers (2019) https://blogs.gartner.com/craig-roth/2019/12/11/2019-exceeded-1-billion-knowledge-workers/

  4. L. Boroditsky, How language shapes the way we think (2017) https://www.ted.com/talks/lera_boroditsky_how_language_shapes_the_way_we_think

  5. B. Willock, L. Bohm, R. Coleman Curtis, Understanding and Coping with Failure: Psychoanalytic perspectives (Taylor & Francis, 2014), 145. https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Understanding_and_Coping_with_Failure_Ps/H9OWAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1

  6. G. Donnelly, Why ‘I don’t have time’ is a bad way to decline an invitation (2019) https://hbr.org/2019/03/why-i-dont-have-time-is-a-bad-way-to-decline-an-invitation

6. Proving the impact of workstyle

  1. J. R. Hackman and G. R. Oldham, Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16 (1976), 250–279.

  2. G. Petriglieri, S. Ashford and A. Wrzesniewski, Agony and ecstasy in the gig economy: Cultivating holding environments for precarious and personalized work identities, Administrative Science Quarterly, 64:1 (2018), 124–170.

  3. K. Byron, A meta-analytic review of work–family conflict and its antecedents, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67:2 (2005), 169–198.

  4. C. Gerdenitsch, B. Kubicek and C. Korunka,‘Control in flexible working arrangements: When freedom becomes duty’, Journal of Personnel Psychology, 14:2 (2015), 61–69.

  5. L. M. De Menezes and C. Kelliher, ‘Flexible working and performance: A systematic review of the evidence for a business case’, International Journal of Management Review, 13 (2011), 452–474.

  6. R. Gajendran and D. Harrison, ‘The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences’, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92:6 (2007), 1524–1541.

  7. L. Ten Brummelhuis, A. Bakker, J. Hetland and L. Keulemans, ‘Do new ways of working foster work engagement?’, Psicothema, 24 (2012), 113–120.

  8. C. Gerdenitsch, B. Kubicek and C. Korunka, ‘Control in flexible working arrangements: When freedom becomes duty’, Journal of Personnel Psychology, 14:2 (2015), 61–69.

  9. R. Gajendran and D. Harrison, The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92:6 (2007), 1524–1541.

  10. R. Gajendran and D. Harrison, ‘The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92:6 (2007), 1524–1541.

  11. L. Ten Brummelhuis, A. Bakker, J. Hetland and L. Keulemans, Do new ways of working foster work engagement?, Psicothema, 24 (2012), 113–120.

  12. E. Van Steenbergen et al., Transitioning towards new ways of working: Do job demands, job resources, burnout, and engagement change?, Psychological Reports, 121:4 (2017), 736–766.

  13. C. Kelliher and D. Anderson, For better or for worse? An analysis of how flexible working practices influence employees’ perceptions of job quality, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19:3 (2008), 419–431.

  14. E. Van Steenbergen et al., Transitioning towards new ways of working: Do job demands, job resources, burnout, and engagement change? Psychological Reports, 121:4 (2017), 736–766.

  15. L. Ten Brummelhuis, A. Bakker, J. Hetland and L. Keulemans, Do new ways of working foster work engagement?, Psicothema, 24 (2012), 113–120.

  16. C. Gerdenitsch, B. Kubicek and C. Korunka, ‘Control in flexible working arrangements: When freedom becomes duty’, Journal of Personnel Psychology, 14:2 (2015), 61–69.

  17. M. Mazmanian, W. Orlikowski and J. Yates, ‘The autonomy paradox: The implications of mobile email devices for knowledge professionals’, Organization Science, 24:5 (2013), 1337–1357.

  18. E. Van Steenbergen, C. der Ven, M. Peeters and T. Taris, ‘Transitioning towards new ways of working: Do job demands, job resources, burnout, and engagement change?’, Psychological Reports, 121:4 (2017), 736–766.

  19. G. Petriglieri, S. Ashford and A. Wrzesniewski, Agony and ecstasy in the gig economy: Cultivating holding environments for precarious and personalized work identities, Administrative Science Quarterly, 64:1 (2018), 124–170.

  20. J. R. Hackman and G. R. Oldham, Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16 (1976), 250–279.

  21. J. R. Hackman and G. R. Oldham, Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16 (1976), 250–279.

  22. J. R. Hackman and G. R. Oldham, Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16 (1976), 250–279.

  23. R. A. Karasek, Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign, Administrative Science Quarterly, 24:2 (1979), 285.

  24. E. Demerouti, A. Bakker, F. Nachreiner and W. Schaufeli, The job demandsresources model of burnout, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86:3 (2001), 499–512.

  25. M. Van der Doef and S. Maes, The job demand-control (-support) model and psychological well-being: A review of 20 years of empirical research, Work & Stress, 13:2 (1999), 87–114.

  26. R. Ryan and E. Deci, Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being, American Psychologist, 55 (2000), 68–78.

  27. S. Wood, K. Daniels and C. Ogbonnaya, Use of work–nonwork supports and employee well-being: The mediating roles of job demands, job control, supportive management and work–nonwork conflict, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1:32 (2018), 1793–1824 .

  28. E. Demerouti, D. Derks, L. Brummelhuis and A. Bakker, New ways of working: Impact on working conditions, work–family balance, and well-being, The Impact of ICT on Quality of Working Life (2014), 123–141.

  29. H. Nijp, D. Beckers, S. Geurts, P. Tuckerand and M. Kompier, Systematic review on the association between employee worktime control and work–non-work balance, health and well-being, and job-related outcomes, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 38:4 (2012), 299–313.

  30. Hoxby, Building an organisation fit for the future of work (2020) https://hoxby.com/blog/building-organisation-fit-future-work

7. What is wellbeing?

  1. Macmillan Dictionary Blog, Wellbeing (n.d.) https://www.macmillandictionaryblog.com/wellbeing

  2. The ‘wellness’ movement started to be taken more seriously by the medical, academic and corporate worlds around 1980–2000. Global Wellness Institute, History of wellness (n.d.), https://globalwellnessinstitute.org/what-is-wellness/history-of-wellness/

  3. World Health Organization, Constitution of the World Health Organization (2006) https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf

  4. K. Ruggeri et al., Well-being is more than happiness and life satisfaction: A multidimensional analysis of 21 countries, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18:192 (2020), https://hqlo.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12955-020-01423-y#citeas

  5. MIT Technology Review, Were people really happier in the past? Millions of pieces of text suggest not (2014) https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/10/14/132629/were-people-really-happier-in-the-past-millions-of-pieces-of-text-suggest-not/

  6. British Sandwich Week, Sandwich Statistics (n.d.) https://www.britishsandwichweek.com/sandwich-statistics/

  7. Office for National Statistics, Homeworking hours, rewards and opportunities in the UK: 2011 to 2020 (2021) https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/labourproductivity/articles/homeworkinghoursrewardsandopportunitiesintheuk2011to2020/2021-04-19#implications-and-discussion

8. Workstyle elevates your wellbeing: MIND

  1. World Health Organization, World Mental Health Day: An opportunity to kickstart a massive scale-up in investment in mental health (2020) https://www.who.int/news/item/27-08-2020-world-mental-health-day-an-opportunity-to-kick-start-amassive-scale-up-in-investment-in-mental-health

  2. P. Lelliott et al. Mental Health and Work (2008) www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/212266/hwwb-mental-health-and-work.pdf

  3. Mental Health Foundation, Living with Anxiety (2014) https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/sites/default/files/living-with-anxiety-report.pdf

  4. Health and Safety Executive, Working days lost in Great Britain (n.d.), https://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/dayslost.htm

  5. Deloitte, Mental health and employers (2020) https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/consultancy/deloitte-uk-mental-health-and-employers.pdf

  6. R. Walters, The importance of mental health strategies in attracting top talent (2018) https://www.robertwaltersgroup.com/content/dam/robert-walters/corporate/news-and-pr/files/whitepapers/robert-walters-uk-the-importance-of-mental-healthstrategies-in-attracting-top-talent.pdf

  7. B. Cotton, How many UK employers have a mental health policy in place? (2018) https://www.businessleader.co.uk/how-many-uk-employers-have-a-mental-healthpolicy-in-place/

  8. Deloitte, Missing Pieces Report: The board diversity census of women and minorities on fortune 500 boards, 6th edition (2021) https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/center-for-board-effectiveness/missing-pieces-fortune-500-boarddiversity-study-6th-edition-report.pdf

  9. A. Fashanu, The Sports Charter shines a welcome light on homophobia in football (2012) https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/feb/04/sports-charter-homophobia-football

  10. Office for National Statistics, Sexual orientation, UK: 2019 (2021) https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/sexuality/bulletins/sexualidentityuk/2019#:~:text=An%20estimated%202.7%25%20of%20the,from%202.0%25%20to%202.5%25.

  11. D. Grijak, Authenticity as a predictor of mental health, Klinička Psihologija, 10:1–2 (2017), 23–34.

  12. L. Morgan Roberts, S. E. Cha, P. F. Hewlin and I. H. Settles, Bringing the inside out: Enhancing authenticity and positive identity in organizations, Exploring Positive Identities and Organizations, ed. L. Morgan Roberts and J. E. Dutton (Taylor & Francis Group, 2009).

  13. R. van den Bosch et al., Authenticity at work: A matter of fit?, The Journal of Psychology, 153:2 (2019), 247–266.

  14. The Economist, PowerPoint Rangers (2013) https://www.economist.com/business/2013/05/11/powerpoint-rangers

  15. L. Barber and A. Santuzzi, Please respond ASAP: Workplace telepressure and employee recovery, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 20:2 (2014), 172–189.

  16. L. Giurge and V. Bohns, You don’t need to answer right away! Receivers overestimate how quickly senders expect responses to non-urgent work emails, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 167 (2021), 114–128.

  17. V. Waldersee, The majority of employees check work emails while on holiday (2018) https://yougov.co.uk/topics/economy/articles-reports/2018/08/15/majorityemployees-check-work-emails-while-holiday

  18. Mental Health Foundation, Work–life balance (2021) https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/a-to-z/w/work-life-balance

  19. F. Dutheil et al., Exploring the link between work addiction risk and healthrelated outcomes using job-demand-control model, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17:20 (2020), 7594.

  20. The Economist, Parkinson’s law (2020) https://www.economist.com/news/1955/11/19/parkinsons-law

  21. K. Cherry, The importance of maintaining structure and routine during stressful times (2020) https://www.verywellmind.com/the-importance-of-keeping-a-routineduring-stressful-times-4802638

  22. Mental Health Foundation, Work–life balance (2021) https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/a-to-z/w/work-life-balance

  23. What Works Wellbeing, What matters for our sense of purpose? (2021a) https://whatworkswellbeing.org/resources/sense-of-purpose-covid/

  24. What Works Wellbeing, Unemployment, (re)employment and wellbeing (2017a) https://whatworkswellbeing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/unemploymentreemployment-wellbeing-briefing-march-2017-v3.pdf

  25. What Works Wellbeing, Unemployment, (re)employment and wellbeing (2017a) https://whatworkswellbeing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/unemploymentreemployment-wellbeing-briefing-march-2017-v3.pdf

  26. Office for National Statistics, Measuring national well-being: At what age is personal well-being the highest? (2016) https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/articles/measuringnationalwellbeing/atwhatageispersonalwellbeingthehighest

  27. What Works Wellbeing, What matters for our sense of purpose? (2021a) https://whatworkswellbeing.org/resources/sense-of-purpose-covid

  28. Statista, Suicide rate in the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020, by age group (2021) https://www.statista.com/statistics/289102/suicide-rate-in-the-united-kingdom-uk-by-age

  29. R. Pennington, Antidepressant prescription statistics UK – this antidepressant survey reveals the latest statistics you need to know (2021) https://www.chemist-4-u.com/guides/mental-health/antidepressant-statistics-uk

  30. What Works Wellbeing, What helped the UK cope with the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdowns? (2021b) https://whatworkswellbeing.org/resources/what-helped-theuk-cope-with-the-covid-19-pandemic-and-lockdowns/

  31. P. Verme, Happiness, Freedom and Control (2009) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268109001164?casa_token=pHiiC-Q3Uh-MAAAAA:1NsqiuWew_ST4REvUhW2tnct4y25T-20au0mYMSt72KeCERUwJx_GxT0RmDh9qadAqU3CZWxi13Z

  32. What Works Wellbeing, What can we learn about wellbeing and social capital from South Australia? (2017b) https://whatworkswellbeing.org/blog/what-can-welearn-about-wellbeing-and-social-capital-from-south-australia/

  33. J.-E. de Neve, Work and wellbeing: A global perspective, in Global Happiness Policy Report 2018 (2018) http://ghc-2018.s3.amazonaws.com/UAE/GHPR_Ch5.pdf

  34. Cardiff University, Skills and Employment Survey 2017 (2017) https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/research/explore/find-a-project/view/626669-skills-and-employment-survey-2017

  35. What Works Wellbeing, Why invest in employee wellbeing? (2017c) https://whatworkswellbeing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/factsheet-why-invest-employee-wellbeingmay2017.pdf

  36. World Health Organization, World Mental Health Day: An opportunity to kickstart a massive scale-up in investment in mental health (2020) https://www.who.int/news/item/27-08-2020-world-mental-health-day-an-opportunity-to-kick-start-amassive-scale-up-in-investment-in-mental-health

9. Workstyle helps you be well: PURPOSE

  1. https://time.com/5663534/greta-thunberg-arrives-sail-atlantic/

  2. K. Cotton Bronk et al., ’Purpose, hope, and life satisfaction in three age groups, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4:6 (2009) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17439760903271439

  3. T. Schaefe et al., ‘Purpose in life predicts better emotional recovery from negative stimuli’, PLOS One, 8:11 (2013) https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0080329

  4. P. Hill and N. Turiano, Purpose in life as a predictor of mortality across adulthood, Psychological Science, 25:7 (2014), 1482–1486.

  5. R. Fraser-Thill, Want to stay healthy? Having purpose is an ideal starting point (2020) https://www.forbes.com/sites/rebeccafraserthill/2020/04/18/need-purpose-pandemic/?sh=2cca53de2b5c

  6. Statista, Share of employees worldwide who feel a sense of purpose from their organization in 2021, by country (2021) https://www.statista.com/statistics/1017365/employees-sense-purpose-organization-country

  7. McKinsey, Purpose: Shifting from why to how (2020) https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/purposeshifting-from-why-to-how

  8. R. Cross, Do you have a life outside of work? (2020) https://hbr.org/2020/05/doyou-have-a-life-outside-of-work

  9. L. Perlow and J. Porter, Making time off predictable – and required (2009) https://hbr.org/2009/10/making-time-off-predictable-and-required

  10. J. MacKay, The state of work life balance in 2019: What we learned from studying 185 million hours of working time (2019) https://blog.rescuetime.com/work-life-balance-study-2019/

  11. E. Nolsoe, Quarter of British workers find job lacks meaning (2020) https://yougov.co.uk/topics/economy/articles-reports/2020/02/20/quarter-british-workersfind-jobs-lack-meaning

  12. Simon Sineck, Start with Why (Penguin, 2011).

  13. J. Pollack, V. Ho, E. O’Boyle and B. Kirkman, Passion at work: A meta-analysis of individual work outcomes, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41:3 (2020), 1–21.

  14. Accenture, Business Futures 2021: Signals of change (2021) https://www.accenture.com/gb-en/insights/consulting/_acnmedia/Thought-Leadership-Assets/PDF-4/Accenture-Signals-Of-Change-Business-Futures-2021-Report.pdf

  15. M.-C. Wang, O. R. Lightsey, T. Pietruszka, A. Ciftci Uruk and A. G. Wells, Purpose in life and reasons for living as mediators of the relationship between stress, coping, and suicidal behavior’, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2:3 (2007), 195–204.

  16. M. A. Killingsworth, Experienced well-being rises with income, even above $75,000 per year, PNAS, 118:4 (2021), 103–153.

  17. Gallup, State of the Global Workplace (2021) https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx

  18. K. Longley, A. Smith and J. Grzywacz, Promoting healthy practices in the workplace’, in Making Workers’ Health a Priority before It Becomes a Problem, ed. C. D. Ryff and R. F. Krueger (Oxford University Press, 2018).

  19. M. Steger and B. Dik, ‘Work as meaning: Individual and organizational benefits of engaging in meaningful work’, in Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology and Work (Oxford University Press, 2010), 131–142.

  20. E. Durkheim, Suicide: A Study in Sociology, trans. J. A. Spaulding and G. Simpson (Routledge, 1897)

  21. J. R. Hackman and G. R. Oldham, Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory’, Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 16:2 (1976), 250–279.

  22. M. Jahoda, Work, Employment and Unemployment: An overview of ideas and research results in the social science literature (Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1980).

  23. K. S. Cameron and G. M. Spreitzer, The Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship (Oxford University Press, 2012), xxvii, 1076.

  24. B. J. Dik et al. (eds), Purpose and Meaning in the Workplace (American Psychological Association, 2013), xv, 248.

  25. L. G. Oades et al., The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of the Psychology of Positivity and Strengths-based Approaches at Work (2017) http://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4770954

  26. B. A. Allan et al., Meaningful work and mental health: Job satisfaction as a moderator, Journal of Mental Health, 27:1 (2018), 38–44.

  27. N. Dich et al., Mental and physical health effects of meaningful work and rewarding family responsibilities, PLOS One, 14:4 (2019), 1–11.

  28. J. R. Edwards and C. L. Cooper, The person-environment fit approach to stress: Recurring problems and some suggested solutions, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11:4 (1990), 293–307.

  29. L. Yang, H. Che and P. E. Spector, Job stress and well-being: An examination from the view of person-environment fit, Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 81:3 (2008), 567–587.

  30. E. S. Kim et al., Sense of purpose in life and subsequent physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health: An outcome-wide approach, American Journal of Health Promotion, 36:1 (2022), 137–147.

  31. L. Dewitte et al., Cross-lagged relationships between sense of purpose in life, memory performance, and subjective memory beliefs in adulthood over a 9-year interval, Aging & Mental Health, 25:11 (2021), 2018–2027.

  32. E. C. Willroth, D. K. Mroczek and P. L. Hill, Maintaining sense of purpose in midlife predicts better physical health, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 145 (2021), 110485.

  33. E. S. Kim et al., Association between purpose in life and objective measures of physical function in older adults, Jama Psychiatry, 74:10 (2017), 1039–1045.

  34. P. A. Boyle, A. S. Buchman and D. A. Bennett, Purpose in life is associated with a reduced risk of incident disability among community-dwelling older persons, American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18:12 (2010), 1093–1102.

  35. M. Jahoda, Work, Employment and Unemployment: An overview of ideas and research results in the social science literature (Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, 1980).

  36. E. Nolsoe, Quarter of British workers find job lacks meaning (2020) https://yougov.co.uk/topics/economy/articles-reports/2020/02/20/quarter-british-workersfind-jobs-lack-meaning

  37. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-fdJzvpX60

10. Workstyle helps you be well: LEARNING

  1. D. Watson, O. Tregaskis, C. Gedikli, O. Vaughn and A. Semkina, Well-being through learning: A systematic review of learning interventions in the workplace and their impact on well-being, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27:2 (2018), 247–268.

  2. Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning, The contribution of adult learning to health and social capital (2003) https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/ eprint/11847/1/The%20Contribution%20of%20Adult%20Learning.pdf

  3. C. Noble, D. Medin, Z. Quail, C. Young and M. Carter, ‘How does participation in formal education or learning for older people affect wellbeing and cognition? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 7 (2021), 1–15.

  4. LinkedIn Learning, 2021 Workplace Learning Report (2021) https://learning.linkedin.com/resources/workplace-learning-report

  5. LinkedIn Learning, 2021 Workplace Learning Report (2021) https://learning.linkedin.com/resources/workplace-learning-report

  6. Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, Learning and wellbeing trajectories among older adults in England (2012) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/244712/bis-12-1242-learning-andwellbeing-trajectories-among-older-adults.pdf

  7. S. Merriam and Y. Kee, ‘Promoting community wellbeing: The case for lifelong learning for older adults, Adult Education Quarterly, 64:2 (2014), 128–144.

  8. A. Jenkins, Participation in learning and wellbeing among older adults, International Journal of Lifelong Education, 30:3 (2011), 403–420.

  9. R. Waller, S. Hodge, J. Holford, M. Milana and S. Webb, Adult education, mental health and mental wellbeing, International Journal of Lifelong Education, 37:4 (2018), 397–400.

  10. Degreed, How the workforce learns in 2016 (2016) https://get.degreed.com/ hubfs/Degreed_How_the_Workforce_Learns_in_2016.pdf

  11. Statista, How do you most prefer to learn? (2022) https://www.statista.com/statistics/885820/most-preferred-learning-methods-of-employees-worldwide/

  12. VARK Learn, VARK: A guide to learning preferences (2022) https://vark-learn.com/

  13. O. Khazan, The myth of learning styles (2018) https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/the-myth-of-learning-styles/557687/

  14. P. Shrestha, Ebbinghaus forgetting curve (2017) https://www.psychestudy.com/cognitive/memory/ebbinghaus-forgetting-curve

  15. F. Dempster, Spacing effects and their implications for theory and practice, Educational Psychology Review, 1:4 (1989), 309–330 https://www.jstor.org/stable/23359223

  16. A. Smith et al., Many turn to YouTube for children’s content, news, how-to lessons (2018) https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/11/07/many-turn-toyoutube-for-childrens-content-news-how-to-lessons/

  17. Statista, Biggest challenges according to learning and development (L&D) professionals worldwide 2020 (2020) https://www.statista.com/statistics/917901/learning-and-development-us-biggest-challenges/

  18. SHIFT, 10 statistics on corporate training and what they mean for your company’s future (n.d.) https://www.shiftelearning.com/blog/statistics-on-corporate-training-and-what-they-mean-for-your-companys-future

  19. G. Latham, T. Mitchell and D. Dossett, Importance of participative goal setting and anticipated rewards on goal difficulty and job performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 63:2 (1978), 163–171.

  20. E. Rooney, ‘I’m just going through the motions’: High-stakes accountability and teachers’ access to intrinsic rewards, American Journal of Education, 121:4 (2015), 475–500.

  21. P. Cantillon and M. Macdermott, Does responsibility drive learning? Lessons from intern rotations in general practice, Medical Teacher, 30:3 (2008), 254–259.

  22. M. H. Murad et al., The effectiveness of self-directed learning in health professions education: A systematic review, Medical Education, 44 (2010), 1057–1068.

  23. McCrindle, Job mobility in Australia (n.d.) https://mccrindle.com.au/insights/blog/job-mobility-australia/

  24. World Economic Forum, Infographics (2020) https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-future-of-jobs-report-2020/in-full/infographics-e4e69e4de7

  25. L. Morgan Roberts, S. E. Cha, P. F. Hewlin and I. H. Settles, Bringing the inside out: Enhancing authenticity and positive identity in organizations, in Exploring Positive Identities and Organizations, ed. L. Morgan Roberts and J. E. Dutton (Taylor & Francis Group, 2009), 149–169.

  26. B. Rigoni and J. Asplund, Strengths-based employee development: The business results (2016) https://www.gallup.com/workplace/236297/strengths-based-employeedevelopment- business-results.aspx

  27. R. Stuart-Turner, Coronavirus has affected female hiring and job confidence (2020) https://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/content/other/coronavirus-has-affected-femalehiring-and-job-confidence

  28. M. (M.) Mann et al., Self-esteem in a broad-spectrum approach for mental health promotion, Health Education Research, 19:4 (2004), 357–372.

  29. H.-G. Wolff and K. Moser, Effects of networking on career success: A longitudinal study, Journal of Applied Psychology, 94:1 (2009), 196–206.

  30. H.-G. Wolff and K. Moser, Do specific types of networking predict specific mobility outcomes? A two-year prospective study, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77:2 (2010), 238–245.

  31. Aviva, How We Live – Executive Report (2021) https://www.aviva.co.uk/content/dam/aviva-public/gb/pdfs/personal/news-and-guides/in-the-news/how-we-live/how-we-live-executive-report.pdf

  32. SME, The rise of the portfolio career (2022) https://www.smeweb.com/2022/01/04/the-rise-of-the-portfolio-career/

  33. SHIFT, 10 statistics on corporate training and what they mean for your company’s future (n.d.) https://www.shiftelearning.com/blog/statistics-on-corporate-training-and-what-they-mean-for-your-companys-future

11. Workstyle helps you be well: CONNECTION

  1. T. K. Inagaki, Opioids and social connection, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27:2 (2018), 85–90.

  2. J. Holt-Lunstad, T. Smith and J. Bradley Layton, Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review, PLOS Medicine (2010) https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316

  3. Mintel Trends, Regional loneliness (2021) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AOHuyi46ktkrbDB4Rpd4FRrs6QNOoGw1/view?usp=sharing

  4. Campaign to End Loneliness, The facts on loneliness (n.d.) https://www.campaigntoendloneliness.org/the-facts-on-loneliness/

  5. CV Library, Over half of Brits suffer from loneliness in the workplace (2019) https://www.cv-library.co.uk/recruitment-insight/brits-suffer-loneliness-workplace/

  6. R. Pelta, FlexJobs survey: Productivity, work–life balance improves during pandemic (n.d.) https://www.flexjobs.com/blog/post/survey-productivity-balance-improveduring-pandemic-remote-work/

  7. K. McKenna, A. Green and M. Gleason, Relationship formation on the internet: What’s the big attraction?, Journal of Social Issues, 58:1 (2002), 9–31.

  8. R. Dunbar, Functional significance of social grooming in primates’ folia primatologica, 57:3 (1991), 121–131.

  9. D. Bzdok and R. I. Dunbar, The neurobiology of social distance, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24:9 (2020), 717–733.

  10. J. Lehmann, A. H. Korstjens and R. I. Dunbar, Group size, grooming and social cohesion in primates, Animal Behaviour, 74:6 (2007), 1617–1629.

  11. R. I. Dunbar, Bridging the bonding gap: The transition from primates to humans, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367:1597 (2012), 1837–1846.

  12. R. I. Dunbar, Theory of mind and the evolution of language, in Approaches to the Evolution of Language, ed. J. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy and C. Knight (Cambridge University Press, 1998).

  13. J. Gowlett, C. Gamble and R. Dunbar, Human evolution and the archaeology of the social brain, Current Anthropology, 53:6 (2012), 693–722.

  14. R. I. Dunbar, Coevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16:4 (1993), 681–694.

  15. R. I. Dunbar, Bridging the bonding gap: The transition from primates to humans, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367:1597 (2012), 1837–1846.

  16. S. Manninen et al., Social laughter triggers endogenous opioid release in humans, Journal of Neuroscience, 37:25 (2017), 6125–6131.

  17. R. I. Dunbar et al., Social laughter is correlated with an elevated pain threshold, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279:1731 (2012): 1161–1167.

  18. D. Weinstein et al., Singing and social bonding: Changes in connectivity and pain threshold as a function of group size, Evolution and Human Behavior, 37:2 (2016), 152–158.

  19. E. Pearce, J. Launay and R. I. Dunbar, The ice-breaker effect: Singing mediates fast social bonding, Royal Society Open Science, 2:10 (2015), 150–221.

  20. E. Pearce et al., Singing together or apart: The effect of competitive and cooperative singing on social bonding within and between sub-groups of a university fraternity, Psychology of Music, 44:6 (2016), 1255–1273.

  21. R. I. Dunbar, Group size, vocal grooming and the origins of language, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24:1 (2017), 209–212.

  22. R. I. Dunbar, Gossip in evolutionary perspective, Review of General Psychology, 8:2 (2004), 100–110.

  23. R. I. Dunbar, Bridging the bonding gap: The transition from primates to humans, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367:1597 (2012), 1837–1846.

  24. R. I. Dunbar, Virtual touch and the human social world – current opinion’, Behavioral Sciences, 43 (2022), 14–19.

  25. T. Vlahovic, S. Roberts and R. Dunbar, Effects of duration and laughter on subjective happiness within different modes of communication, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17:4 (2012), 436–450.

  26. A. Sutcliffe et al., Relationships and the social brain: Integrating psychological and evolutionary perspectives, British Journal of Psychology, 103:2 (2012), 149–168.

  27. N. Emery, The eyes have it: The neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 24:6 (2000), 581–604.

  28. H. Kobayashi and S. Kohshima, Unique morphology of the human eye and its adaptive meaning: Comparative studies on external morphology of the primate eye, Journal of Human Evolution, 40:5 (2001), 419–435.

  29. H. Kobayashi and S. Kohshima, Unique morphology of the human eye and its adaptive meaning: Comparative studies on external morphology of the primate eye, Journal of Human Evolution, 40:5 (2001), 419–435.

  30. T. Vlahovic, S. Roberts and R. Dunbar, Effects of duration and laughter on subjective happiness within different modes of communication, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17:4 (2012), 436–450.

  31. M. S. Granovetter, The strength of weak ties, American Journal of Sociology, 78:6 (1973), 1360–1380.

  32. B. Ploderer, S. Howard and P. Thomas, Being online, living offline: The influence of social ties over the appropriation of social network sites’, in Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (2008), 333–342.

  33. N. Colineau and C. Paris, Talking about your health to strangers: Understanding the use of online social networks by patients, New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 16:1–2 (2010), 141–160.

  34. J. Holt-Lunstad, T. Smith and J. B. Layton, ‘Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review’, PLOS Medicine (2010).

12. Workstyle helps you be well: BODY

  1. J. Coulson et al., ‘Exercising at work and self reported work performance’, International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 1 (2008), 176–197.

  2. NHS Digital, Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet, England, 2020 (2020) https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-onobesity-physical-activity-and-diet/england-2020

  3. World Health Organization, Physical activity (2020) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity

  4. L. B. Andersen, J. Mota and L. Di Pietro, Update on the global pandemic of physical inactivity, The Lancet, 388:10051 (2016), 1255–1256.

  5. Earl of Sandwich, The Sandwich that started it all (n.d.) https://earlofsandwichusa.com/who-we-are/

  6. British Sandwich Week, Sandwich statistics (n.d.) https://www.britishsandwichweek.com/sandwich-statistics/

  7. R. Moss, Unhealthiest supermarket sandwiches revealed (including one with more fat than a Big Mac) (2017) https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/unhealthiestsupermarket-sandwiches-revealed-including-one-with-more-fat-than-a-big-mac_uk_59312304e4b0c242ca22c3c8

  8. M. Mantzios and J. C. Wilson, Mindfulness, eating behaviours, and obesity: A review and reflection on current findings, Current Obesity Reports, 4:1 (2015), 141–166.

  9. Z. Khana and Z. F. Zadeh, Mindful eating and it’s relationship with mental well-being, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159 (2014), 69–73.

  10. B. Frith, Almost half of workers have no time for exercise (2017) https://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/content/news/almost-half-of-workers-have-no-time-for-exercise

  11. Public Health England, Health matters: Obesity and the food environment (2017) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-obesity-and-thefood-environment/health-matters-obesity-and-the-food-environment--2

  12. B. Frith, Almost half of workers have no time for exercise (2017) https://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/content/news/almost-half-of-workers-have-no-time-for-exercise

  13. 80 per cent who joined a gym in January 2012 quit within five months. R. Lake,23 gym membership statistics that will astound you (2020) https://www.creditdonkey.com/gym-membership-statistics.html

  14. C. Kavanagh, Providing exercise opportunities in the working day (2016) https://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/content/features/providing-exercise-opportunities-in-theworking-day

  15. World Health Organization/International Labour Organisation, Long working hours increasing deaths from heart disease and stroke: WHO, ILO (2021) https://www.who.int/news/item/17-05-2021-long-working-hours-increasing-deaths-from-heartdisease-and-stroke-who-ilo

  16. NHS, Benefits of exercise (2021) https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/exercisehealth-benefits/

  17. Dr M. Juneau, Overwork can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (2019) https://observatoireprevention.org/en/2019/05/06/overwork-can-increase-the-risk-ofcardiovascular-disease/

  18. K. Joyce et al., Flexible working conditions and their effects on employee healthand wellbeing, Cochrane Database System Review, 17:2 (2010).

  19. British Heart Foundation, Are you sitting too much? (n.d.) https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/activity/sitting-down

  20. B. Fieldhouse and J. Dunn, And They Work Us to Death v. 1: Casualties of the mines –who they were, how they died and where (Gwent Family History Society, 1993).

  21. A. Park, Sitting too much ages you by 8 years (2017) https://time.com/4637898/sitting-aging-sedentary/

  22. NHS, Why we should sit less (2019) https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/why-sitting-too-much-is-bad-for-us/

  23. Juststand.org, Sitting time calculator (n.d.) https://www.juststand.org/the-tools/sitting-time-calculator/

  24. K. Angerer, Is your desk the right height? (2018) https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/your-desk-right-height-kirsty-angerer/

  25. H. Siddique, One hour of activity needed to offset harmful effects of sitting at a desk (2016) https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/jul/27/health-riskone-hour-activity-offset-eight-hours-sitting-desk

  26. H. Zerguine et al., ‘Usage of sit-stand workstations: Benefits and barriers from decision makers’ perspective in Australia, Applied Ergonomics, 94:103426 (2021).

  27. A. Chandwani, M. K. Chauhan and A. Bhatnagarm, Ergonomics assessment of office desk workers working in corporate offices, IJHSR, 9:8 (2019).

  28. A. Chandwani, M. K. Chauhan and A. Bhatnagarm, Ergonomics assessment of office desk workers working in corporate offices, IJHSR, 9:8 (2019).

  29. A. Bodker et al., The impact of standing desks on cardiometabolic and vascular health, Vascular Medicine, 26:4 (2021), 374–382.

  30. T. Saidj et al., Separate and joint associations of occupational and leisure-time sitting with cardio-metabolic risk factors in working adults: A cross-sectional study, PLOS One, 8:8 (2013).

  31. E. G. Wilmot, C. L. Edwardson and F. A. Achana et al., Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Diabetologia, 55:11 (2012), 2895–2905.

  32. J. van Uffelen et al., Occupational sitting and health risks: A systematic review, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39:4 (2010), 379–388.

  33. World Health Organization, Physical activity for health, Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health (World Health Organization, 2010).

  34. Department of Health and Social Care, Physical activity for adults and older adults (2019) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/829884/3-physical-activity-for-adults-and-older-adults.pdf

  35. World Health Organization/International Labour Organisation, Long working hours increasing deaths from heart disease and stroke: WHO, ILO (2021) https://www.who.int/news/item/17-05-2021-long-working-hours-increasing-deaths-fromheart-disease-and-stroke-who-ilo

  36. C. Wu et al., The association of retirement age with mortality: A population-based longitudinal study among older adults in the United States, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 70:9 (2016), 917–923.

  37. British Heart Foundation, Are you sitting too much? (n.d.) https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/activity/sitting-down

13. What is productivity?

  1. C. Gerdenitsch, B. Kubicek and C. Korunka, Control in flexible working arrangements: When freedom becomes duty, Journal of Personnel Psychology, 14:2 (2015), 61–69.

  2. The World Bank, Global Productivity: Trends, drivers and policies (n.d.) https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/publication/global-productivity

  3. D. Strauss, The challenge of unlocking the UK’s low productivity (2021) https://www.ft.com/content/e7a8cb3a-efcc-4d62-962b-d284545c14f6

  4. The World Bank, Global Productivit: Trends, drivers and policies (n.d.) https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/publication/global-productivity

  5. McKinsey Global Institute, Solving the Productivity Puzzle (2018) https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/regions-in-focus/solving-the-productivity-puzzle

  6. L. Baker, Britain and France take ‘fat cat’ bonus culture to task (2008) https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-economy-britain-bonuses-idUKLL32064320080921

  7. Ecnmy.com, Is renting good for the economy? (n.d.) https://www.ecnmy.org/learn/your-home/homes-housing-economy/the-rental-market/

  8. D. Mitchell, Bad management blamed for sluggish UK productivity growth (2019) https://www.peoplemanagement.co.uk/news/articles/bad-management-blamed-sluggish-uk-productivity#gref.

  9. J. Salmon, The impact of public debt on economic growth (2021) https://www.cato.org/cato-journal/fall-2021/impact-public-debt-economic-growth

  10. National Bureau of Economic Research, Implications of Population Ageing for Economic Growth (2011) https://www.nber.org/digest/jul11/implications-populationaging-economic-growth

  11. Economicshelp.org, Impact of immigration on UK economy (2021) https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/6399/economics/impact-of-immigration-on-uk-economy/

  12. P. Dizikes, The productive career of Robert Solow (2019) https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/12/27/131259/the-productive-career-of-robert-solow/

  13. E. Klein, Technology is changing how we live, but it needs to change how we work (n.d.) https://www.vox.com/a/new-economy-future/technology-productivity

  14. C. Gerdenitsch, B. Kubicek and C. Korunka, Control in flexible working arrangements: When freedom becomes duty, Journal of Personnel Psychology, 14:2 (2015), 61–69.

  15. L. Ten Brummelhuis, A. Bakker, J. Hetland and L. Keulemans, Do new ways of working foster work engagement?, Psicothema, 24 (2012), 113–120.

  16. R. Gajendran and D. Harrison, The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92:6 (2007), 1524–1541.

  17. R. Gajendran and D. Harrison, The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences, Journal of Applied Psychology, 92:6 (2007), 1524–1541.

  18. L. Ten Brummelhuis, A. Bakker, J. Hetland and L. Keulemans, Do new ways of working foster work engagement?, Psicothema, 24 (2012), 113–120.

  19. C. Krekel, G. Ward and J.-E. De Neve, Happy employees and their impact on firm performance (2019) https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/businessreview/2019/07/15/happyemployees-and-their-impact-on-firm-performance/

  20. N. Beheshti, 10 timely statistics about the connection between employee engagement and wellness (2019) https://www.forbes.com/sites/nazbeheshti/2019/01/16/10-timely-statistics-about-the-connection-between-employee-engagementand-wellness/?sh=32a55ce122a0

  21. N. Bloom et al., Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment (2015) https://nbloom.people.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj4746/f/wfh.pdf

  22. R. Maurer, Study finds productivity not deterred by shift to remote work (2020) https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-news/pages/study-productivity-shift-remote-work-covid-coronavirus.aspx

14. Workstyle step-changes your productivity: ENERGY

  1. O. Guy-Evans, Introvert and extravert personality traits (2020) https://www.simplypsychology.org/introvert-extrovert.html

  2. S. Reppert and D. Weaver, Coordination of circadian timing in mammals, Nature, 418 (2002), 935–941.

  3. C. M. Barnes, The ideal work schedule, as determined by circadian rhythms (2015) https://hbr.org/2015/01/the-ideal-work-schedule-as-determined-by-circadian-rhythms

  4. M. Hirshkowitz et al., National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary, Sleep Health, 1:1 (2015), 40–43.

  5. M. Rosekind et al., The cost of poor sleep: Workplace productivity and associated costs, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52:1 (2010), 91–98.

  6. Harvard Health Publishing, Napping may not be such a no-no (2009) https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/napping-may-not-be-such-a-no-no

  7. J. Pilgrim, Employees don’t leave companies, they leave managers (2019) https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/employees-dont-leave-companies-managers-jason-pilgrim/

  8. E. Heaphy and J. Dutton, ‘Positive social interactions and the human body at work: Linking organizations and physiology, Academy of Management Review, 33 (2008),137–162.

  9. J. Lacey, How to shake off bad energy and live positively, https://www.stylist.co.uk/beauty/anti-anxiety-tips-self-care-wellness/260671#

  10. J. Harter, U.S. employee engagement reverts back to pre-COVID-19 levels (2020) https://www.gallup.com/workplace/321965/employee-engagement-reverts-back-pre-covid-levels.aspx

  11. G. Robertson-Smith and C. Markwick, Employee Engagement: A review of current thinking (2009) https://www.employment-studies.co.uk/system/files/resources/files/469.pdf

  12. J. Harter, U.S. employee engagement reverts back to pre-COVID-19 levels (2020) https://www.gallup.com/workplace/321965/employee-engagement-reverts-back-pre-covid-levels.aspx

  13. J. Harter, U.S. employee engagement reverts back to pre-COVID-19 levels (2020) https://www.gallup.com/workplace/321965/employee-engagement-reverts-back-pre-covid-levels.aspx

  14. K. Jenkins, To be or not to be a freelancer: Job satisfaction and wellbeing (2017) https://www.ipse.co.uk/static/uploaded/8d1c3ad6-eb4a-4080-8edba6ee61cebc01.pdf

  15. J. Rubinstein, D. Meyer and J. Evans, Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27 (2001), 763–797.

  16. Working Families and Bright Horizons, Modern Families Index 2019 (2019) https://www.workingfamilies.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/BH_MFI_Report_2019_Full-Report_Final.pdf

  17. S. Kim, Y. Park and Q. Niu, Micro-break activities at work to recover from daily work demands, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 38:1 (2016), 28–44.

  18. P. Winwood et al., An investigation of the role of non-work-time behavior in buffering the effects of work strain, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 49:8 (2007), 862–871.

  19. E. Van Steenbergen et al., Transitioning towards new ways of working: Do job demands, job resources, burnout, and engagement change?, Psychological Reports, 121:4 (2017), 736–766.

  20. C. Kelliher and D. Anderson, For better or for worse? An analysis of how flexible working practices influence employees perceptions of job quality, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19:3 (2008), 419–431.

  21. E. Van Steenbergen et al., Transitioning towards new ways of working: Do job demands, job resources, burnout, and engagement change?, Psychological Reports, 121:4 (2017), 736–766.

  22. L. Ten Brummelhuis, A. Bakker, J. Hetland and L. Keulemans, Do new ways of working foster work engagement?, Psicothema, 24 (2012), 113–120.

  23. S. Kim, S. Cho and Y. Park, Daily microbreaks in a self-regulatory resources lens: Perceived health climate as a contextual moderator via microbreak autonomy, Journal of Applied Psychology, 107:1 (2022), 60–77.

  24. Lifestyle Asia, How to increase productivity at work by taking micro-breaks (2021) https://www.lifestyleasia.com/ind/culture/how-to-increase-productivity-atwork-by-taking-micro-breaks/

  25. D. J. Beal, H. M. Weiss, E. Barros and S. M. MacDermid, An episodic process model of affective influences on performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90 (2005), 1054–1068.

  26. J. P. Trougakos, D. J. Beal, S. G. Green and H. M. Weiss, Making the break count: An episodic examination of recovery activities, emotional experiences, and positive affective displays, Academy of Management Journal, 51 (2008), 131–146.

  27. E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, The what and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior, Psychological Inquiry, 11 (2000), 227–268.

  28. E. L. Deci and R. M. Ryan, The importance of universal psychological needs for understanding motivation in the workplace, in M. Gagn. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Work Engagement, Motivation, and Self-determination Theory (Oxford University Press, 2014), 13–32.

  29. R. M. Ryan and E. L. Deci, Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological wellbeing across life’s domains, Canadian Psychology, 49 (2008), 14–23.

  30. M. Gagn. and E. L. Deci, Self-determination theory and work motivation, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26 (2005), 331–362.

  31. J. P. Trougakos, I. Hideg, B. H. Cheng and D. J. Beal, Lunch breaks unpacked: The role of autonomy as a moderator of recovery during lunch, Academy of Management Journal, 57 (2014), 405–421.

  32. J. A. Horne, C. G. Brass and A. N. Pettitt, Circadian performance differences between morning and evening types, Ergonomics, 23 (1980), 29–36.

  33. C. Sen.cal, R. J. Vallerand and F. Guay, Antecedents and outcomes of work–family conflict: Toward a motivational model, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27 (2001), 176–186.

  34. R. M. Ryan and E. L. Deci, Self-determination Theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development and wellness (Guilford Press, 2017).

  35. Harvard Health Publishing, Napping may not be such a no-no (2009) https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/napping-may-not-be-such-a-no-no

15. Workstyle step-changes your productivity: CLARITY

  1. L. A. Perlow, C. Noonan Hadley and E. Eun, Stop the meeting madness (2017) https://hbr.org/2017/07/stop-the-meeting-madness)

  2. Doodle, State of Meetings Report 2019 (2019) https://assets.ctfassets.net/p24lh3qexxeo/3TarXcEbnPXd2waEzY3rIM/5b4111f7bcb99f1954a1575340c7d31f/SoM_2021.pdf

  3. CareerCast.com, Stressful Jobs Reader Survey (2017) https://www.careercast.com/career-news/2017-stressful-jobs-reader-survey

  4. L. Klara, How to make deadlines less stressful and more motivational (2019) https://zapier.com/blog/deadlines-motivation/

  5. http://antoniamacaro.com/2012/03/05/aristotle-and-the-good-life/

  6. Econtalk.org, Leon Kass on human flourishing, living well, and Aristotle (2021) https://www.econtalk.org/leon-kass-on-human-flourishing-living-well-and-aristotle/

  7. M. Csikszentmihalyi, Flow: The psychology of optimal experience (Harper & Row, 1990).

  8. S. Cranston and S. Keller, Increasing the meaning quotient of work (2013) https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/increasing-the-meaning-quotient-of-work

  9. S. Cranston and S. Keller, Increasing the meaning quotient of work (2013) https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/increasing-the-meaning-quotient-of-work

  10. C. Newport, Deep Work: Rules for focused success in a distracted world (Piatkus, 2016).

  11. T. Haynes, Dopamine, smartphones and you: A battle for your time (2018) https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/dopamine-smartphones-battle-time/

  12. M. Baer, E. Dane and H. P. Madrid, ‘Zoning out or breaking through? Linking daydreaming to creativity in the workplace, Academy of Management Journal, 64:5 (2021), https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/amj.2017.1283

  13. B. Baird, J. Smallwood, M. Mrazek, J. Kam, M. Franklin and J. Schooler, Inspired by distraction: Mind wandering facilitates creative incubation, Psychological Science, 23:10 (2012), 1117–1122.

  14. Businessinsider.com, 72% of people get their best ideas in the shower – here’s why (2016) https://www.businessinsider.com/why-people-get-their-best-ideas-in-the-shower-2016-1

  15. 15 K. Fox and R. Beaty, Mind-wandering as creative thinking: Neural, psychological, and theoretical considerations, Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 27 (2019), 123–130. http://www.kieranfox.net/assets/Fox2019-MWCreativeThinking.pdf.

  16. S. Kaufman and C. Gregoire, Wired to Create (TarcherPerigee, 2015).

  17. E. Kandel, J. Schwartz, T. Jessell, S. Siegelbaum and A. J. Hudspeth, Principles of Neural Science (McGraw-Hill Professional, 2013).

  18. D. Minors, Meaning and its patterns in the brain (2021) https://btrmt.org/armchr/articles/making-meaning-in-the-brain.

  19. M. .llinger and G. Knoblich, ‘Psychological research on insight problem solving, Journal of Neuroscience (2009).

  20. H. A. Simon and A. Newell, Human problem solving: The state of the theory in 1970, American Psychologist, 26:2 (1971), 145–159.

  21. J. Duncan, The structure of cognition: Attentional episodes in mind and brain, Neuron, 80:1 (2013), 35–50.

  22. K. Friston, M. Lin, C. D. Frith, G. Pezzulo, J. A. Hobson and S. Ondobaka, Active inference, curiosity and insight, Neural Computation, 29:10 (2017), 2633–2683.

  23. M. Graziano, Ethological action maps: A paradigm shift for the motor cortex, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20:2 (2017), 121–132.

  24. J. Kounios and M. Beeman, The cognitive neuroscience of insight, Annual Review of Psychology, 65:1 (2014), 71–93.

  25. G. Klein and A. Jarosz, A naturalistic study of insight, Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 5:4 (2011), 335–351.

  26. Businessinsider.com, 72% of people get their best ideas in the shower – here’s why (2016) https://www.businessinsider.com/why-people-get-their-best-ideas-in-the-shower-2016-1?

16. Workstyle step-changes your productivity: MASTERY

  1. Y. Hamidi, Z. Toosi and L. Tapak, ‘Investigating the relationship between personal mastery and the consequences of improving quality and productivity, Journal of Ergonomics, 6:1 (2018), 11–18.

  2. Productivityist, The most important trait to boost your productivity (n.d.) https://productivityist.com/lifelong-learning/

  3. K. Ericsson, R. T. Krampe and C. Tesch-Roemer, The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance, Psychological Review, 100:3 (1993), 363–406.

  4. M. Gladwell, Outliers (Penguin, 2009).

  5. HRNews.com, Only three per cent of our lives are spent ‘doing things we enjoy’ (2019) http://hrnews.co.uk/only-three-per cent-of-our-lives-are-spent-doing-thingswe-enjoy/

  6. R. M. Ryan and E. L. Deci, ‘Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being, American Psychologist, 55:1 (2000), 68–78.

  7. This article summarises the research detailed in D. Epstein, Range: Why generalists triumph in a specialized world (Penguin, 2019).

  8. D. Epstein, Range: Why generalists triumph in a specialized world (Penguin, 2019), 287.

  9. T. Rose and O. Ogas, Dark Horse: Achieving success through the pursuit of fulfillment (HarperCollins, 2018).

  10. N. Bennett and J. Lemoine, What VUCA really means for you, Harvard Business Review, 92:1–2 (2014).

  11. R. M. Hogarth, T. Lejarraga and E. Soyer, The two settings of kind and wicked learning environments, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24:5 (2015), 379–385.

  12. D. Epstein, Range: Why generalists triumph in a specialized world (Penguin, 2019).

  13. C. K. Jackson, Match quality, worker productivity, and worker mobility: Direct evidence from teachers, Review of Economics and Statistics, 95:4 (2013), 1096–1116.

  14. S. Srivastava et al., Development of personality in early and middle adulthood: Set like plaster or persistent change?, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84:5 (2003), 1041.

  15. M. Ronfeldt and P. Grossman, Becoming a professional: Experimenting with possible selves in professional preparation, Teacher Education Quarterly, 35:3 (2008), 41–60.

  16. H. Ibarra, Identity Transitions: Possible selves, liminality and the dynamics of career change (Insead, 2005).

  17. A. Tversky and D. J. Koehler, Support theory, Psychological Review, 101:4 (1994), 547–567.

  18. A. S. Luchins, Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung, Psychological Monographs, 54:6 (1942), 1–95.

  19. K. Duncker and L. S. Lees, On problem-solving, Psychological Monographs, 58:5 (1045), i –113.

  20. D. Epstein, Range: Why generalists triumph in a specialized world (Penguin, 2019), 146.

  21. K. Ericsson, R. T. Krampe and C. Tesch-Roemer, The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance, Psychological Review, 100:3 (1993), 363–406.

17. Workstyle step-changes your productivity: TRUST

  1. P. Pixton, Give up command and control – it kills productivity (2016) https://www.forbes.com/sites/pollyannapixton/2016/08/04/give-up-command-and-control-itkills-productivity/?sh=59762e7471d5

  2. M. DeCaro, R. Thomas, N. Albert and S. Beilock, Choking under pressure: Multiple routes to skill failure, Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 140:3 (2011), 390–406.

  3. T. Peters and R. Waterman, In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s best-run companies (HarperCollins, 1982, eprinted 2006).

  4. CIPD, Presenteeism hits record high in UK organisations as stress at work rises (2018) https://www.cipd.co.uk/about/media/press/020518-health-wellbeing-survey#gref

  5. P. Hemp, Presenteeism: At work – but out of it (2004) https://hbr.org/2004/10/presenteeism-at-work-but-out-of-it

  6. P. Hemp, Presenteeism: At work – but out of it (2004) https://hbr.org/2004/10/presenteeism-at-work-but-out-of-it

  7. Deloitte, Mental health and wellbeing in employment (2017) https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/public-sector/articles/mental-health-employers-review.html NOTE: this is all presenteeism, not just digital.

  8. K. Tattersfield, E-presenteeism is on the rise – how can we combat it? (2021) https://allwork.space/2021/04/e-presenteeism-is-on-the-rise-how-can-we-combat-it/

  9. Our World In Data, Annual working hours vs. labour productivity (n.d.) https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/productivity-vs-annual-hours-worked

  10. A. Webber, Should we rethink our working hours to boost productivity? (2019)https://www.personneltoday.com/hr/should-we-rethink-our-working-hours-toboost-productivity/

  11. P. J. Zak, The neuroscience of trust (2017) https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-neuroscience-of-trust

  12. D. Meyerson, K. E. Weick and R. M. Kramer, Swift trust and temporary groups, in Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of theory and research (Sage Publications, 1996), 166–195.

  13. J. R. Hackman and G. Oldham, Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16 (1976), 250–279.

  14. F. Erdem et al., The relationship between trust and team performance, Work Study, 52:7 (2003), 337–340.

  15. R. M. Solow, Technical change and the aggregate production function, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39:3 (1957).

  16. R. M. Solow, Technical change and the aggregate production function, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 39:3 (1957).

  17. L. A. Perlow, C. Noonan Hadley and E. Eun, Stop the meeting madness (2017) https://hbr.org/2017/07/stop-the-meeting-madness

  18. L. A. Perlow, C. Noonan Hadley and E. Eun, Stop the meeting madness (2017) https://hbr.org/2017/07/stop-the-meeting-madness

  19. R. Trivers, The evolution of reciprocal altruism, The Quarterly Review of Biology, 46:1 (1971), 35–57.

  20. R. I. Dunbar, Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language (Harvard University Press, 1998).

  21. J. Goody, The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society (Cambridge University Press, 1986).

  22. C. L.vi-Strauss, Tristes tropiques (Penguin UK, 2011).

  23. M. McLuhan, W. T. Gordon, E. Lamberti and D. Scheffel-Dunand, The Gutenberg Galaxy: The making of typographic man (University of Toronto Press, 2011).

  24. R. I. Dunbar, ‘The anatomy of friendship’, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22:1 (2018), 32–51.

  25. P. J. Zak, The neuroscience of trust (2017) https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-neuroscience-of-trust

18. Workstyle step-changes your productivity: ENVIRONMENT

  1. E. Barker, Do open-plan offices make you more productive and happy? (2012)https://www.businessinsider.com/do-open-plan-offices-make-you-more-productiveand-happy-2012-8?r=US&IR=T

  2. E. Barker, Do open-plan offices make you more productive and happy? (2012) https://www.businessinsider.com/do-open-plan-offices-make-you-more-productiveand-happy-2012-8?r=US&IR=T

  3. E. Barker, Do open-plan offices make you more productive and happy? (2012) https://www.businessinsider.com/do-open-plan-offices-make-you-more-productiveand-happy-2012-8?r=US&IR=T

  4. Statista.com, Estimated global population from 10,000BCE to 2100 (2022) https://www.statista.com/statistics/1006502/global-population-ten-thousand-bc-to-2050/

  5. N. Bloom et al., Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment (2015) https://nbloom.people.stanford.edu/sites/g/files/sbiybj4746/f/wfh.pdf

  6. E. Curran, Work from home to lift productivity by 5% in post-pandemic U.S. (2021) https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-22/yes-working-from-homemakes-you-more-productive-study-finds

  7. E. S. Bernstein and S. Turban, The impact of the ‘open’ workspace on human collaboration, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 373:1753 (2018)

  8. Microsoft Devices Team, Why taking a different route to work makes you more innovative (2014) https://blogs.windows.com/devices/2014/03/18/taking-different-route-work-make-innovative

  9. T. Chamorro-Premuzic, You can teach someone to be more creative (2015) https://hbr.org/2015/02/you-can-teach-someone-to-be-more-creative

  10. Scientific American Mind, Cubicle, sweet cubicle (2010) http://www.mas.org.uk/uploads/artlib/why-some-office-spaces-alienate-workers.pdf

  11. University of Exeter, Designing your own workspace improves health, happiness and productivity (2010) https://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/featurednews/title_98638_en.html

  12. International Labour Organisation, World employment and social outlook (n.d.) https://www.ilo.org/wesodata/chart/YXdi3ryDU

  13. M. Chui et al., The social economy: Unlocking value and productivity through social technologies (2012) https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-telecommunications/our-insights/the-social-economy

  14. M. Chui et al., The social economy: Unlocking value and productivity through social technologies (2012) https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/technology-media-and-telecommunications/our-insights/the-social-economy

  15. J. Whitehead, These Italian towns will pay remote workers to move there (2021) https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/italian-towns-pay-remoteworker-b1844784.html

  16. R. Ulrich, Aesthetic and affective response to natural environment, in Behavior and the Natural Environment,ed. I. Altman and J. F. Wohlwill, Human Behavior and Environment (Advances in Theory and Research) 6 (Plenum, 1983) 85–125.

  17. National Offender Management Service et al., Offenders and Nature (2007) https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/documents/1424/Offenders_and_Nature_Report.pdf

  18. C. D. Wu et al., Linking student performance in Massachusetts elementary schools with the ‘greenness’ of school surroundings using remote sensing, PLOS One (2014).

  19. M. P. White et al., Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing’, Scientific Reports, 9:7730 (2019).

  20. G. Garrett, M. Benden, R. Mehta, A. Pickens, S. Camille Peres and H. Zhao, Call center productivity over 6 months following a standing desk intervention, IIE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 4:2–3 (2016), 188–195.

  21. Dr I-Min Lee et al., Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy, The Lancet, 380:9838 (2012).

  22. A. V. Patel, M. L. Maliniak, E. Rees-Punia, C. E. Matthews and S. M. Gapstur, Prolonged leisure time spent sitting in relation to cause-specific mortality in a large US cohort, American Journal of Epidemiology, 187:10 (2018), 2151–2158.

  23. Worldhealth.net, Productivity improves after being outdoors (2020) https://worldhealth.net/news/productivity-improves-after-being-outdoors/

  24. University of Exeter, Designing your own workspace improves health, happiness and productivity (2010) https://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/featurednews/title_98638_en.html

  25. M. Nieuwenhuis et al., The relative benefits of green versus lean office space: Three field experiments, Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied, 20:3 (2014).

19. How could workstyle impact society?

  1. M. ul Haq, Reflections on Human Development (Oxford University Press, 1995).

  2. I. Robeyns and M. Fibieger Byskov, The capability approach, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), ed. Edward N. Zalta (2021), available online at https://plato.stanford.edu

  3. A. Sen, Biographical (1998) https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1998/sen/biographical/

20. Workstyle has a lasting impact on society: INCLUSION

  1. Humanity & Inclusion, Disability: The global picture (n.d.) https://humanity-inclusion.org.uk/en/action/disability-the-global-picture

  2. World Health Organization, Disability and Health (2021) https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health

  3. A. Powell, House of Commons Briefing Paper 7540: Disabled people in employment (2021) https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7540/CBP-7540.pdf

  4. L. Cheshire, Reimagining the Workplace: Disability and inclusive employment (2019) https://www.leonardcheshire.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/reimagining-the-workplace-disability-inclusive-employment.pdf

  5. A. Powell, House of Commons Briefing Paper Number 7540 Disabled people in employment (2021) https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7540/CBP-7540.pdf

  6. TUC, Disability Pay and Employment Gaps 2020 (2020) https://www.tuc.org.uk/research-analysis/reports/disability-pay-and-employment-gaps

  7. S. Dixon, C. Smith and A. Touchet, The Disability Perception Gap – Policy Report (2018) https://www.scope.org.uk/scope/media/files/campaigns/disability-perception-gap-report.pdf

  8. S. Dixon, C. Smith and A. Touchet, The Disability Perception Gap – Policy Report (2018) https://www.scope.org.uk/scope/media/files/campaigns/disability-perceptiongap-report.pdf

  9. Citizens Advice, Asking your employer for changes to help you if you’re disabled (n.d.) https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/work/discrimination-at-work/taking-action/asking-your-employer-for-changes-to-help-if-youre-disabled

  10. Disability Rights UK, Access to work https://www.disabilityrightsuk.org/access-work

  11. CIPD, Health and Wellbeing at work 2021 Survey Report (2021) https://www.cipd.co.uk/Images/health-wellbeing-work-report-2021_tcm18-93541.pdf

  12. S. Dattani, H. Ritchie and M. Roser, Mental health (2021) https://ourworldindata.org/mental-health

  13. NHS England, The Five Year Forward View for Mental Health (2016) https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Mental-Health-Taskforce-FYFV-final.pdf

  14. Badenoch + Clark, Breaking boundaries, mental health and the failings of the UK workplace (n.d.) https://www.badenochandclark.com/~/media/uk/mentalhealthintheworkplace.pdf/

  15. Department for Work and Pensions, Thriving at work (2017) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/658145/thriving-at-work-stevenson-farmer-review.pdf

  16. Worknest.com, Be kind: Anxiety and depression in the workplace, and the law (n.d.) https://worknest.com/blog/be-kind-anxiety-and-depression-workplace-andlaw-28-02-2020/

  17. P. Lelliott et al., Mental Health and Work (2008) www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/212266/hwwb-mental-health-and-work.pdf

  18. Mental Health Foundation, Fundamental facts about mental health 2016 (2016) https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/sites/default/files/fundamental-facts-about-mentalhealth-2016.pdf

  19. Deloitte, Mental health and employers (2020) https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/consultancy/deloitte-uk-mental-health-and-employers.pdf

  20. Lexico, Caring: Meaning & Definition (n.d.), https://www.lexico.com/definition/caring

  21. Embracing Carers, The Global Carer Well-Being Index (n.d.) https://www.embracingcarers.com/content/dam/web/healthcare/corporate/embracing-carers/research/global-carer-well-being-index/Global-Carer-Well-Being-Index-Report_FINAL.pdf

  22. Carers UK, Facts & figures (n.d.) https://www.carersuk.org/news-and-campaigns/press-releases/facts-and-figures

  23. Carers Week, Carers Week 2020 Research Report (2020) https://www.carersuk.org/images/CarersWeek2020/CW_2020_Research_Report_WEB.pdf

  24. Carers UK, Juggling Work and Unpaid Care (2019) http://www.carersuk.org/images/News_and_campaigns/Juggling_work_and_unpaid_care_report_final_0119_WEB.pdf

  25. Carers UK, Caring & Family Finances Inquiry: UK report (2014) https://www.carersuk.org/for-professionals/policy/policy-library/caring-family-finances-inquiry

  26. CIPD, Only a third of employers are supporting working carers (2016), https://www.cipd.co.uk/about/media/press/060616-working-carers#gref

  27. Gov.uk, Employment status (n.d.) https://www.gov.uk/employment-status/employee

  28. Carers UK, Caring & Family Finances Inquiry: UK report (2014) https://www.carersuk.org/for-professionals/policy/policy-library/caring-family-finances-inquiry

  29. Carers UK, Juggling Work and Unpaid Care (2019) http://www.carersuk.org/images/News_and_campaigns/Juggling_work_and_unpaid_care_report_final_0119_WEB.pdf

  30. Neurodiversity Hub, What is neurodiversity? (n.d.) https://www.neurodiversityhub.org/what-is-neurodiversity

  31. Owlcation, 6 rare and unique eye colors (2021) https://owlcation.com/stem/rareeye-colors

  32. National Autistic Society, What is autism? (n.d.) https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/what-is-autism

  33. https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/what-is-autism

  34. National Autistic Society, The Autism Employment Gap (2016) https://www.base-uk.org/sites/default/files/knowledgebase/nas_tmi_employment_report_24pp_web.pdf

  35. Department for Work and Pensions, The employment of disabled people 2021 (2021) https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/the-employment-of-disabled-people-2021

  36. National Autistic Society, The Autism Employment Gap (2016) https://www.baseuk.org/sites/default/files/knowledgebase/nas_tmi_employment_report_24pp_web.pdf

  37. A. Meister and V. Woolfrey, How managers can support employees with chronic illnesses (2021) https://hbr.org/2021/02/how-managers-can-support-employeeswith-chronic-illnesses

  38. UK Health Security Agency, Understanding the relationship between health, work and worklessness (2014) https://ukhsa.blog.gov.uk/2016/09/14/understanding-the-relationship-between-health-work-and-worklessness/

  39. D. Green, G. Filkin and T. Woods, Our unhealthy nation, The Lancet, 2:1 (2021). https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhl/article/PIIS2666-7568(20)30062-3/fulltext

  40. E. Collier, How to support hidden disabilities in the workplace (2018) https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/invisible-disabilities-in-the-workplace/

  41. Public Health England, Health Matters: Health and work (2019) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-matters-health-and-work/health-mattershealth-and-work

  42. J. L. Horn, G. Donaldson and R. Engstrom, Apprehension, memory, and fluid intelligence decline in adulthood, Research on Aging, 3:1 (1981), 33–84.

  43. T. Salthouse, What and when of cognitive ageing, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13:4 (2004), 140–144.

  44. World Health Organization, Ageing and health (2021) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health

  45. Department for Work & Pensions, Attitudes to Working in Later Life: British social attitudes 2015 (2016) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/574655/attitudes-to-working-in-later-lifebritish-social-attitudes-2015.pdf

  46. Harvard Health Publishing, Working later in life can pay off in more than justincome (2018) https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/working-later-inlife-can-pay-off-in-more-than-just-income

  47. Randstad, Global Report Randstad Workmonitor Q2 2018 (2018) https://www.randstad.com.sg/s3fs-media/sg/public/2021-08/randstad-workmonitor-q2-2018-globalreport.pdf

  48. Office for National Statistics, Families and the labour market, UK: 2019 (2019) https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/familiesandthelabourmarketengland/2019

  49. Office for National Statistics, Families and the labour market, UK: 2019 (2019) https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/familiesandthelabourmarketengland/2019

  50. Office for National Statistics, Families and the labour market, UK: 2019 (2019) https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/articles/familiesandthelabourmarketengland/2019

  51. Working Families, Modern Families Index – Modern families at breaking pointas parents buckle under the strain of overwork (2018) https://workingfamilies.org.uk/news/2018-modern-families-index

  52. Working Families, Modern Families Index – Modern families at breaking point as parents buckle under the strain of overwork (2018) https://workingfamilies.org.uk/news/2018-modern-families-index

  53. M. Krapf, H. W. Ursprung and C. Zimmermann, Parenthood and productivity of highly skilled labor: Evidence from the groves of academe (2014) https://s3.amazonaws.com/real.stlouisfed.org/wp/2014/2014-001.pdf

  54. A. Powell, House of Commons Briefing Paper Number 7540: Disabled people in employment (2021) https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7540/CBP-7540.pdf

  55. NHS England, The Five Year Forward View for Mental Health (2016) https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Mental-Health-Taskforce-FYFV-final.pdf

  56. Carers Week, Carers Week 2020 Research Report (2020) https://www.carersuk.org/images/CarersWeek2020/CW_2020_Research_Report_WEB.pdf

  57. National Autistic Society, The Autism Employment Gap (2016) https://www.base-uk.org/sites/default/files/knowledgebase/nas_tmi_employment_report_24pp_web.pdf

  58. Department for Work and Pensions, The employment of disabled people 2021 (2021) https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/the-employment-of-disabled-people-2021

  59. Department for Work & Pensions and Department of Health & Social Care, Health is Everyone’s Business: Proposals to reduce ill health-related job loss (2021) https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/health-is-everyones-business-proposals-to-reduce-illhealth-related-job-loss/health-is-everyones-business-proposals-to-reduce-ill-healthrelated-job-loss

  60. Department for Work & Pensions, Attitudes to Working in Later Life: British social attitudes 2015 (2016) https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/574655/attitudes-to-working-in-later-lifebritish-social-attitudes-2015.pdf

  61. Working Families and Bright Horizons, Modern Families Index 2019 (2019) https://www.workingfamilies.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/BH_MFI_Report_2019_Full-Report_Final.pdf

21. Workstyle has a lasting impact on society: ATTITUDES

  1. CIPHR, Workplace discrimination statistics in 2021 (n.d.) https://www.ciphr.com/workplace-discrimination-statistics/

  2. London School of Economics, Making assumptions: what does it mean in practise?(2011) https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/equityDiversityInclusion/2011/09/making-assumptions-what-does-it-mean-in-practise/

  3. D. Abrams, Processes of Prejudice: Theory, evidence and intervention (2010) https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/research-report-56-processes-ofprejudice-theory-evidence-and-intervention.pdf

  4. H. Obaidy, Is unconscious bias coloring your first impressions (and stereotypes)?(2019) https://emtrain.com/blog/unconscious-bias/coloring-first-impressions/

  5. D. Abrams, Processes of Prejudice: Theory, evidence and intervention, Equality and Human Rights Commission Research Report 56 (2010) https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/research-report-56-processes-of-prejudice-theory-evidence-and-intervention.pdf

  6. G. W. Allport, The Nature of Prejudice (Addison-Wesley, 1954).

  7. P. C. Wason, On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12:3 (1960), 129–140.

  8. United Nations, Factsheet on persons with disabilities (n.d.), https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/factsheet-on-persons-with-disabilities.html

  9. Facts on Disability in the World of Work (2007), https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_087707.pdf

  10. M. Tsusaka, M. Krentz and M. Reeves, The Business Imperative of Diversity (2019) https://www.bcg.com/publications/2019/winning-the-20s-business-imperative-of-diversity

  11. G. Lemos, The Search for Tolerance: Challenging and changing racist attitudes and behaviour among young people (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2005).

  12. G. Lemos, The Search for Tolerance: Challenging and changing racist attitudes and behaviour among young people (Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2005).

  13. P. G. Devine, P. S. Forscher, A. J. Austin and W. Cox, Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48:6 (2012), 1267–1278.

  14. M. McBride, What works to reduce prejudice and discrimination? A review of the evidence (2015) https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-reduce-prejudicediscrimination-review-evidence/documents/

  15. CNBC, Companies are making bold promises about greater diversity, but there’s a long way to go (2020) https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/11/companies-are-makingbold-promises-about-greater-diversity-theres-a-long-way-to-go.html

  16. World Economic Forum, Global Gender Gap Report (2021) http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2021.pdf

  17. K. Steinmetz, The transgender tipping point (2014) https://time.com/135480/transgender-tipping-point/

  18. D. Gerdeman, Why employers favor men (2017) https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/why-employers-favor-men

  19. J. Swinkels et al., Explaining the gender gap in the caregiving burden of partner caregivers, The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 74:2 (2019), 309–317.

  20. S. Seedat and M. Rondon, Women’s wellbeing and the burden of unpaid work, BMJ, 374:1972 (2021).

  21. International Labour Organisation, A global gap (n.d.) https://www.ilo.org/ infostories/en-GB/Stories/Employment/barriers-women#global-gap

  22. Oxfam, Why the majority of the world’s poor are women (n.d.) https://www.oxfam.org/en/why-majority-worlds-poor-are-women

  23. S. Petersen, Report from the field: Gender inequality within literary prize culture (2017) https://www.vidaweb.org/women-and-prizes-gender-inequality-within-literary-prize-culture/

  24. A. Flood, Vida survey of gender bias in literary criticism shows ‘stubborn imbalance’ (2018) https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/19/vida-survey-of-gender-bias-in-literary-criticism-shows-stubborn-imbalance

  25. Gov.uk, Unemployment (2021) https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/unemployment-and-economic-inactivity/unemployment/latest

  26. TUC, Dying on the Job: Racism and risk at work (2020) https://www.tuc.org.uk/research-analysis/reports/dying-job-racism-and-risk-work

  27. TUC, Dying on the Job: Racism and risk at work (2020) https://www.tuc.org.uk/research-analysis/reports/dying-job-racism-and-risk-work

  28. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, Race in the Workplace: The McGregor-Smith Review (2017) https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/racein-the-workplace-the-mcgregor-smith-review

  29. The Gay UK, One in four LGBT+ people remain closeted at work (2020) https://www.thegayuk.com/one-in-four-lgbt-people-remain-closeted-at-work/

  30. Stonewall, Bi people less likely to be ‘out’ (2020) https://www.stonewall.org.uk/about-us/news/new-research-bi-people-less-likely-be-out

  31. Stonewall, LGBT in Britain – work report (2018) https://www.stonewall.org.uk/lgbtbritain-work-report

  32. Stonewall, LGBT in Britain – work report (2018) https://www.stonewall.org.uk/lgbtbritain-work-report

  33. C. Cullinane and R. Montacute, Pay as you go? (2018) https://www.suttontrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Pay-As-You-Go-1.pdf

  34. The Sutton Trust, Elitist Britain 2019 (2019) https://www.suttontrust.com/ourresearch/elitist-britain-2019

  35. S. Friedman and D. Laurison, The Class Ceiling: Why it pays to be privileged (Policy Press, 2019).

  36. The Sutton Trust, Social Mobility and Economic Success: How social mobility boosts the economy (2017) https://www.suttontrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Oxerareport_WEB_FINAL.pdf

  37. Menopausesupport.co.uk, Facts (n.d.) https://menopausesupport.co.uk/?page_id=60

  38. A. Hill, Menopause at centre of increasing number of UK employment tribunals (2021) https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/aug/07/menopause-centre-increasing-number-uk-employment-tribunals?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

  39. 50 Plus Choices, Menopause and employment (n.d.) https://www.thephoenixgroup.com/sites/phoenix-group/files/phoenix-group/views-and-insights/Menopause%20Report/Menopause%20and%20Employment.pdf

  40. HRReview, Almost a million women have left the workplace due to menopausal symptoms (2021) https://www.hrreview.co.uk/hr-news/almost-a-million-womenhave-left-the-workplace-due-to-menopausal-symptoms/135691

  41. CIPHR, Workplace discrimination statistics in 2021 (n.d.) https://www.ciphr.com/workplace-discrimination-statistics/

  42. Akala, Natives: Race and Class in the Ruins of the Empire (Two Roads, 2018). 

22 Workstyle has a lasting impact on society: COLLECTIVE INTELLIGENCE

  1. C. Lai et al., Fear of missing out (FOMO) is associated with activation of the right middle temporal gyrus during inclusion social cue, Computers in Human Behaviour, 61 (2016), 516–521.

  2. R. Dunbar, Dunbar’s number (n.d.) https://www.newscientist.com/definition/dunbars-number

  3. B. Laeng et al., Is beauty in the face of the beholder?, PLOS One, 8:7 (2013), https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0068395

  4. A. Reynolds and D. Lewis, Teams solve problems faster when they’re more cognitively diverse (2017) https://hbr.org/2017/03/teams-solve-problems-faster-whentheyre-more-cognitively-diverse

  5. A. Berditchevskaia and P. Baeck, The future of minds and machines (2020) https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/FINAL_The_future_of_minds_and_machines.pdf

  6. A. Berditchevskaia and P. Baeck, The future of minds and machines (2020) https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/FINAL_The_future_of_minds_and_machines.pdf

  7. M. Syed, Rebel Ideas: The power of diverse thinking (John Murray Press, 2020).

  8. Psychology Today, Groupthink (n.d.), https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/basics/groupthink

  9. National Geographic, The development of agriculture (2019), https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/development-agriculture/

  10. J. Mark, Crafts (2011), https://www.worldhistory.org/crafts/

  11. Econlib, Division of labour and specialization (n.d.), https://www.econlib.org/library/topics/highschool/divisionoflaborspecialization.html

  12. F. W. Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management (Harper & Brothers, 1919).

  13. Read more about the many brilliant aspects of Robert Owen’s social reform here: https://www.robertowenmuseum.co.uk/tag/a-new-view-of-society/ and read his series of essays which were gathered into a single volume in his book A New View of Society (Penguin Classics, reprinted 1991).

  14. International Cooperative Alliance, Facts and figures (n.d.), https://www.ica. coop/en/cooperatives/facts-and-figures

  15. Deming.org, The Deming System of Profound Knowledge (SoPK) (n.d.), https:// deming.org/explore/sopk/

  16. Nesta, AI+CI – introducing the future of minds and machines (2019), https:// www.nesta.org.uk/blog/aici-future-minds-and-machines/

  17. J. Puck and U. Pregernig, The effect of task conflict and cooperation on performance of teams: Are the results similar for different task types?, European Management Journal, 32:6 (2014), 870–878.

  18. S. R. Levine, Diversity confirmed to boost innovation and financial results (2020) https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesinsights/2020/01/15/diversity-confirmed- to-boost-innovation-and-financial-results/?sh=7d5c128fc4a6

  19. UNDP, Sustainable Development Goals (n.d.) https://www.undp.org/sustainabledevelopment-goals

  20. Worldpopulationreview.com, 2022 World population by country (n.d.), https://worldpopulationreview.com/

  21. UNDP, Sustainable Development Goals (n.d.) https://www.undp.org/sustainabledevelopment-goals

  22. World Population Clock, Current world population (2022) https://www.worldometers. info/world-population/

  23. G. Mulgan, Big Mind: How collective intelligence can change our world (Princeton University Press, 2017).

23 Change the world, and your life, today!

  1. A. Gallo, How to disagree with someone more powerful than you (2016) https://hbr.org/2016/03/how-to-disagree-with-someone-more-powerful-than-you